Articles
Phenology of hazelnut cultivars in Corvallis, Oregon, USA
Article number
1379_26
Pages
187 – 190
Language
English
Abstract
The hazelnut breeding program at Oregon State University (OSU) has been developing new cultivars for the kernel and in-shell markets for more than 40 years.
Oregons hazelnut industry was founded on Barcelona, a Corylus avellana cultivar susceptible to eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by the systemic fungal pathogen Anisogramma anomala. Many of the cultivars released in the past ten years are cross-compatible, however pollinizers resistant to EFB are still needed as the plantings and cultivar choices expand.
Desirable characteristics for pollinizers include high catkin set, production of large quantities of viable pollen, a long shedding period, and resistance to eastern filbert blight (EFB). High tree vigor with an upright, rounded growth habit is also desirable.
Nut maturity, kernel quality and nut size and shape of the pollinizers should mix with other cultivars in the orchard to facilitate harvest and marketing.
In the past decade, more attention has been paid to attributes such as kernel blanching, higher kernel percentage and few defects.
The times of female flowering and pollen shed of advanced selections and cultivars have been observed at the Oregon State University research farm in Corvallis, Oregon for several years.
Observations have been taken at five-day intervals from late December until leaf budbreak in mid-late March.
Although there is year-to-year variation in onset of female receptivity and duration of pollen shed, the relative timing has been consistent.
In this paper, we summarize observations over three years for EFB-resistant cultivars Yamhill, McDonald, Wepster, Dorris, PollyO, Jefferson, and selection OSU 1304.039, as well as compare pollen shed by pollinizers York, Felix, and Theta to the timing of Halls Giant. The flowering period and pollen shed of the EFB-susceptible cultivars Barcelona, Tonda Gentile delle Langhe, Sacajawea, and Tonda Pacifica are also shown.
Oregons hazelnut industry was founded on Barcelona, a Corylus avellana cultivar susceptible to eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by the systemic fungal pathogen Anisogramma anomala. Many of the cultivars released in the past ten years are cross-compatible, however pollinizers resistant to EFB are still needed as the plantings and cultivar choices expand.
Desirable characteristics for pollinizers include high catkin set, production of large quantities of viable pollen, a long shedding period, and resistance to eastern filbert blight (EFB). High tree vigor with an upright, rounded growth habit is also desirable.
Nut maturity, kernel quality and nut size and shape of the pollinizers should mix with other cultivars in the orchard to facilitate harvest and marketing.
In the past decade, more attention has been paid to attributes such as kernel blanching, higher kernel percentage and few defects.
The times of female flowering and pollen shed of advanced selections and cultivars have been observed at the Oregon State University research farm in Corvallis, Oregon for several years.
Observations have been taken at five-day intervals from late December until leaf budbreak in mid-late March.
Although there is year-to-year variation in onset of female receptivity and duration of pollen shed, the relative timing has been consistent.
In this paper, we summarize observations over three years for EFB-resistant cultivars Yamhill, McDonald, Wepster, Dorris, PollyO, Jefferson, and selection OSU 1304.039, as well as compare pollen shed by pollinizers York, Felix, and Theta to the timing of Halls Giant. The flowering period and pollen shed of the EFB-susceptible cultivars Barcelona, Tonda Gentile delle Langhe, Sacajawea, and Tonda Pacifica are also shown.
Publication
Authors
R.L. McCluskey, S.A. Mehlenbacher
Keywords
female receptivity, pollen shed, leaf budbreak, timing, orchard design
Groups involved
Online Articles (78)