Articles
CURRENT STATUS OF VERTICILLIUM WILT DISEASE OF PISTACHIO TREES IN IRAN
Article number
726_108
Pages
631 – 636
Language
English
Abstract
In 1950 the first report of infection of pistachio trees by Verticillium dahliae was recorded in California.
Incidence of Verticillium wilt has been reported from Kerman and Qazvin provinces but there was no sufficient information on its importance in Iran.
The present study was undertaken to determine the distribution of Verticillium wilt in pistachio growing areas especially in Kerman province.
Samples of shoot, soil and weeds adjacent to pistachio trees were collected from Kerman (Rafsanjan, Kerman, Sirjan, Zarand, Shahrebabak, Ravar, Harat and Marvast), Semnan (Damghan) and Khorasan (Birjand, Qaen, Ferdos, Gonabad, Kashmar, Faiz Abad, Naishaboor) provinces. V. dahliae was isolated from pistachio shoots in some areas of Kerman, Semnan and Khorasan provinces.
Isolation of V. dahliae from soils of pistachio orchards was limited.
Water agar medium containing 35 g L-1 NaCl, ethanol agar and pectate medium had the most efficacy of isolation of V. dahliae.
Effort to isolation of V. dahliae from 28 species of weeds in pistachio growing areas was not successful.
Isolation of V. dahliae was higher in areas with deficiency of potassium and phosphorus.
In these areas, potassium and phosphorus in the soil was less than standard.
Isolation of V. dahliae during the year showed that in spring and early summer especially after irrigation, percentage isolation of V. dahliae is higher than other months.
Electrical conductivity of infested soil by V. dahliae was 1.2 to 18 dS/m and there was no interaction between distribution of Verticillium wilt and electrical conductivity in collected soils.
Also, V. dahliae was present in soil with pH values of 7.3 to 8.6.
Incidence of Verticillium wilt has been reported from Kerman and Qazvin provinces but there was no sufficient information on its importance in Iran.
The present study was undertaken to determine the distribution of Verticillium wilt in pistachio growing areas especially in Kerman province.
Samples of shoot, soil and weeds adjacent to pistachio trees were collected from Kerman (Rafsanjan, Kerman, Sirjan, Zarand, Shahrebabak, Ravar, Harat and Marvast), Semnan (Damghan) and Khorasan (Birjand, Qaen, Ferdos, Gonabad, Kashmar, Faiz Abad, Naishaboor) provinces. V. dahliae was isolated from pistachio shoots in some areas of Kerman, Semnan and Khorasan provinces.
Isolation of V. dahliae from soils of pistachio orchards was limited.
Water agar medium containing 35 g L-1 NaCl, ethanol agar and pectate medium had the most efficacy of isolation of V. dahliae.
Effort to isolation of V. dahliae from 28 species of weeds in pistachio growing areas was not successful.
Isolation of V. dahliae was higher in areas with deficiency of potassium and phosphorus.
In these areas, potassium and phosphorus in the soil was less than standard.
Isolation of V. dahliae during the year showed that in spring and early summer especially after irrigation, percentage isolation of V. dahliae is higher than other months.
Electrical conductivity of infested soil by V. dahliae was 1.2 to 18 dS/m and there was no interaction between distribution of Verticillium wilt and electrical conductivity in collected soils.
Also, V. dahliae was present in soil with pH values of 7.3 to 8.6.
Authors
A.H. Mohammadi, M. Haghdel, M.M. Moghaddam, Z. Banihashemi
Keywords
potassium, phosphorus, Pistacia vera, Verticillium dahliae
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