Articles
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF TRUE BUGS (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE, ACANTHOSOMATIDAE AND COREIDAE) TO PREVENT KERNEL DAMAGE IN HAZELNUT ORCHARDS OF TURKEY
Article number
845_75
Pages
487 – 494
Language
English
Abstract
Insect pests cause substantial damage in hazelnut orchards.
Some insect species of the Pentatomidae, Acanthosomatidae and Coreidae family feed on hazelnut kernels and cause quantity and quality problems.
More than 15 insect species causing the aforementioned damage have been determined in Turkish hazelnut orchards until now.
Among these insect species, Green shield bug (Palomena prasina L. Het.: Pentatomidae) has the highest density in Turkish hazelnut orchards.
The main damage caused by these insects on nuts occurs mainly after nut formation from June to the end of August.
In general, there are no control measures against these pests in Turkey in spite of an obvious need.
In this study, the effect of chemical control applied to these insects on nut peculiarities was investigated in 2004. The study was conducted in the three Turkish provinces of Sakarya, Kocaeli and Düzce.
Ten hazelnut orchards were selected and sprayed during the growing season.
Five orchards were sprayed once and the other five orchards twice.
First sprays were carried out in 28-30 June, 2003 and second sprays were in 19-20 July, 2003. Half of each orchard was sprayed with insecticide and the other half was sprayed with water as control.
Carbosulfan (Marshall 25 EC) was used as the chemical in all experiments.
At harvest time, nuts from each orchard were collected and examined in the laboratory after shelling in order to determine insect damage.
Nuts were classified as empty, healthy and damaged.
As a result of the experiments, it was found that plots sprayed once and control plots showed minor differences in the nut damage caused by insects.
When developed kernels were considered, damaged kernel ratio varied between 3.16-11.81% in plots sprayed once, and 4.21-21.65% in control plots.
Spraying twice gave better results in preventing kernel damage.
In all the experiments in which the spraying occurred twice, kernel damage decreased significantly in the sprayed plots.
Damaged kernel ratio varied between 1.08-4.45% in sprayed plots and 3.86-11.68% in control plots.
Some insect species of the Pentatomidae, Acanthosomatidae and Coreidae family feed on hazelnut kernels and cause quantity and quality problems.
More than 15 insect species causing the aforementioned damage have been determined in Turkish hazelnut orchards until now.
Among these insect species, Green shield bug (Palomena prasina L. Het.: Pentatomidae) has the highest density in Turkish hazelnut orchards.
The main damage caused by these insects on nuts occurs mainly after nut formation from June to the end of August.
In general, there are no control measures against these pests in Turkey in spite of an obvious need.
In this study, the effect of chemical control applied to these insects on nut peculiarities was investigated in 2004. The study was conducted in the three Turkish provinces of Sakarya, Kocaeli and Düzce.
Ten hazelnut orchards were selected and sprayed during the growing season.
Five orchards were sprayed once and the other five orchards twice.
First sprays were carried out in 28-30 June, 2003 and second sprays were in 19-20 July, 2003. Half of each orchard was sprayed with insecticide and the other half was sprayed with water as control.
Carbosulfan (Marshall 25 EC) was used as the chemical in all experiments.
At harvest time, nuts from each orchard were collected and examined in the laboratory after shelling in order to determine insect damage.
Nuts were classified as empty, healthy and damaged.
As a result of the experiments, it was found that plots sprayed once and control plots showed minor differences in the nut damage caused by insects.
When developed kernels were considered, damaged kernel ratio varied between 3.16-11.81% in plots sprayed once, and 4.21-21.65% in control plots.
Spraying twice gave better results in preventing kernel damage.
In all the experiments in which the spraying occurred twice, kernel damage decreased significantly in the sprayed plots.
Damaged kernel ratio varied between 1.08-4.45% in sprayed plots and 3.86-11.68% in control plots.
Publication
Authors
C. Tuncer, I. Saruhan, I. Akça
Keywords
hazelnut, chemical control, true bugs, kernel damage, Turkey
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