Articles
INTEGRATED CONTROL OF HAZELNUT WEEVIL (CURCULIO NUCUM): AN EVALUATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES AND PARASITIC FUNGI
Article number
845_87
Pages
555 – 560
Language
English
Abstract
Since 2003, French hazelnut growers have been experimenting with alternative and/or complementary methods to the use of insecticides.
In 2007, a biological control trial was carried out using containers with a capacity of 46 L placed under a cold plastic greenhouse.
The experiment consisted of bringing a fungus or a nematode strain on the surface of the earth in the containers where weevil larvae had been recently buried.
Larvae had been previously recovered with a sieve system which infected nuts were laid out.
Larval sowing was performed from 27 July to 13 August. 44 to 45 larvae were placed in each container.
Four products were used: Nematop® (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, E-nema GmbH, Germany), Beaupro® (Beauveria brongniartii, Andermatt Bio-control AG, Switzerland), Metapro® (Metarrizium anisopliae, Andermatt Bio-control AG), Naturalis® (Beauveria bassiana, Intrachem Bio, Switzerland). Seven treatments were investigated with respect to their effectiveness: 1) untreated control, 2) Nematop at 1×106 IJs/m2, 3) Nematop at 1.35×106 IJs/m2, 4) Nematop with two applications 0.675×10 6 IJs/m2, 5) Beaupro at 10 g/m2, 6) Metapro at 10 g/m2, 7 Naturalis at 0.5 ml/m2. Fungi were applied on 28 May, the nematodes on 10 August (treatments 2 and 3) and the fractional treatment 4 was applied on 7 and 10 August.
Each treatment was replicated in five containers, according to a complete randomisation.
Observations on the effectiveness against larvae were carried out from 27 September to 3 October, 2007. The proportion of recovered larvae or empty earth cells varied in a range between 30 and 55%, with a significant influence of treatments.
Overall product efficiency was relatively low at the 8% rate of natural mortality observed in the control plots.
Nematop gave better results (23 to 37% efficiency) than fungi (15 to 18% efficiency). 66% of larvae were buried between 11 and 30 cm deep and only 1.5% were buried deeper than 40 cm.
In 2007, a biological control trial was carried out using containers with a capacity of 46 L placed under a cold plastic greenhouse.
The experiment consisted of bringing a fungus or a nematode strain on the surface of the earth in the containers where weevil larvae had been recently buried.
Larvae had been previously recovered with a sieve system which infected nuts were laid out.
Larval sowing was performed from 27 July to 13 August. 44 to 45 larvae were placed in each container.
Four products were used: Nematop® (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, E-nema GmbH, Germany), Beaupro® (Beauveria brongniartii, Andermatt Bio-control AG, Switzerland), Metapro® (Metarrizium anisopliae, Andermatt Bio-control AG), Naturalis® (Beauveria bassiana, Intrachem Bio, Switzerland). Seven treatments were investigated with respect to their effectiveness: 1) untreated control, 2) Nematop at 1×106 IJs/m2, 3) Nematop at 1.35×106 IJs/m2, 4) Nematop with two applications 0.675×10 6 IJs/m2, 5) Beaupro at 10 g/m2, 6) Metapro at 10 g/m2, 7 Naturalis at 0.5 ml/m2. Fungi were applied on 28 May, the nematodes on 10 August (treatments 2 and 3) and the fractional treatment 4 was applied on 7 and 10 August.
Each treatment was replicated in five containers, according to a complete randomisation.
Observations on the effectiveness against larvae were carried out from 27 September to 3 October, 2007. The proportion of recovered larvae or empty earth cells varied in a range between 30 and 55%, with a significant influence of treatments.
Overall product efficiency was relatively low at the 8% rate of natural mortality observed in the control plots.
Nematop gave better results (23 to 37% efficiency) than fungi (15 to 18% efficiency). 66% of larvae were buried between 11 and 30 cm deep and only 1.5% were buried deeper than 40 cm.
Publication
Authors
J.P. Sarraquigne, E. Couturié, M.M. Fernandez
Keywords
hazelnut weevil, Balaninus nucum, biological control, entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis, parasitic fungus, Beauveria, Metarrizium
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