Articles
MAIN NEMATODE PROBLEMS OF TOMATO
Article number
914_44
Pages
243 – 249
Language
English
Abstract
A number of nematodes have been found associated with tomato.
Among them are Meloidogyne spp., Nacobbus aberrans, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida, G. tabacum, Pratylenchus spp., Rotylenchulus reniformis, Paratrichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Xiphinema ifacolum and Dolychodorus heterocephalus. The most damaging are the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria. These three species cause severe damages in sandy soils in warm areas.
Other species occurring in similar environmental conditions, but less distributed, are M. ethiopica, M. enterelobii (=M. mayaguensis), M. floridensis and M. polycephannulata. In temperate areas, damage to tomato can be caused by M. hapla, M. chitwoodi and M. fallax. Root-knot nematodes have wide host ranges and have large reproduction rates and may interact with other soil-borne pathogens thus increasing their severity.
Control measures include the use of nematicides, several agronomic practices, soil solarization, biological control and soil amendments.
Tomato cultivars and F1 hybrids resistant to root-knot nematodes are available.
Unfortunately, the available resistance may select for virulent populations of the nematodes and is not stable at soil temperature higher than 28°C. Novel molecular techniques, and new sources of resistance are being explored to control nematodes.
Among them are Meloidogyne spp., Nacobbus aberrans, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida, G. tabacum, Pratylenchus spp., Rotylenchulus reniformis, Paratrichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Xiphinema ifacolum and Dolychodorus heterocephalus. The most damaging are the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria. These three species cause severe damages in sandy soils in warm areas.
Other species occurring in similar environmental conditions, but less distributed, are M. ethiopica, M. enterelobii (=M. mayaguensis), M. floridensis and M. polycephannulata. In temperate areas, damage to tomato can be caused by M. hapla, M. chitwoodi and M. fallax. Root-knot nematodes have wide host ranges and have large reproduction rates and may interact with other soil-borne pathogens thus increasing their severity.
Control measures include the use of nematicides, several agronomic practices, soil solarization, biological control and soil amendments.
Tomato cultivars and F1 hybrids resistant to root-knot nematodes are available.
Unfortunately, the available resistance may select for virulent populations of the nematodes and is not stable at soil temperature higher than 28°C. Novel molecular techniques, and new sources of resistance are being explored to control nematodes.
Publication
Authors
N. Greco , M. Di Vito
Keywords
biology, yield loss, management, plant parasitic nematodes, Solanum lycopersicum
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