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EXAMINATIONS ON DORMANT PERIOD OF APRICOT, IN RESPECT TO CREATION OF NEW FROST RESISTING CULTIVARS
In the beginning the apricot was as vine-intercrop and its cultivated in backyards, but apricot orchards were planted on 14 000 hectars.
The yield increased permanently and it was maximum 130 000 tons in good years.
This fact of cultivation of apricot caused a little difference in the micro-regions, because the apricot demonstrate more sensitive to faddy winters of Karpat-basin.
The period of 1961 and 1970 the average yield droped back in 90 750 tons, and in 1979 it was 27 900 tons.
Similarly little yield was in 1958.
The greatest factor of crop-out is that winter climate demonstrates a faddy nivellation and meanwhile the cultivars issue from low dormance, also that the resistance of frost of flower buds decreases and so there are big bud injuries (Figure 1).
Tipical problem is in Hungary, too, that small varieties cultivate on orchard as Hungarian Best and Rose apricot variety-types, but recently new cultivars are: Giant of Cegléd, Mammute of Szeged, Giant of Liget, Scarlet apricot, Budapest, a.s.o.
The characterization: of these cultivars is demonstrated in the Table 1.
The unfavourable characteristics of cultivars appear in Table 1, which hungarian scientists should be eliminate that the favourable characteristics are remain dominantly.
The elimination of frost sensitivity is the greatest breading setting of objective.
So that, in 1967 there were first crossing with regional apricot cultivars at Cegléd.
According to studies of Solohov (1970 and 1972) the apricot flower buds have greatest frost resistance in stage of archeospore.
Therefore, the long archeospore genesis and delaying remaining stages have a foretoken of frost resistance of cultivars.
The rhythm of microsporogenesis is an important moment of frost resistance of floral buds.
At first, the comparative examinations were on apricots which the parents were in crossings, and next the hybrids, too.
Determination of