Articles
STUDIES ON PARASITISM OF FOPIUS CARPOMYIE (SILVESTRI) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), AN EGG-PUPAL PARASITOID OF BER (KONAR) FRUIT FLY, CARPOMYIA VESUVIANA COSTA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), IN BUSHEHR – IRAN
Article number
840_61
Pages
431 – 438
Language
English
Abstract
Fopius carpomyie (Silvestri) belonging to family Braconidae and subfamily Opiinae is an egg-pupal parasitoid of Konar (ber) fruit fly, Carpomyia vesuviana Costa which is a key pest of several species of genera Ziziphus in the south Iran.
In accordance with special status of the natural disperse of jungles and agronomichorticultural development of Ziziphus spp. in southern province, use of chemical control against this pest is not applicable.
In this investigation, eggs, different larval stages and pupae of Konar (ber) fruit fly were collected from natural areas for evaluation of parasitism potential of this parasitoid.
Each of the stages were counted and allowed to grow separately into the Petri dishes that contained soft soil with enough aeration.
The parasitism percentage was evaluated monthly.
Some parasitic behaviors were studied by direct observation on establishing wasps on the non-infested and infested ber fruits in experimental tubes.
In addition, the search and finding behavior of the wasps were studied in a complete randomized design with five replications, with four treatments (1. Wasps sitting on non-infested fruit, 2. Wasps just going towards non-infested fruit, 3. Wasps sitting and searching on infested fruit, and 4. Wasps just going towards infested fruit) and carried out for three years using an olfactometer system.
The observations and statistical experiments showed that, at first female wasps attracted towards fruits infested with eggs or larvae of fruit fly, by using some chemicals, which were probably released on ber fruits at the time of oviposition by fly.
The female wasp started to move for searching, found larvae and eggs on the fruits by using probable chemical materials (odor) and antennal searching, then released and established only one egg into the host body after digging a hole under fruit skin.
The parasitoid emerged from puparium of host fly after its complete development by killing the host.
The statistical data showed differences in parasitism potential of this wasp during different months of the year.
The mean percentage of parasitism in the Samal zone and Tangestan area of Bushehr province was estimated to be 24% over three years period.
In accordance with special status of the natural disperse of jungles and agronomichorticultural development of Ziziphus spp. in southern province, use of chemical control against this pest is not applicable.
In this investigation, eggs, different larval stages and pupae of Konar (ber) fruit fly were collected from natural areas for evaluation of parasitism potential of this parasitoid.
Each of the stages were counted and allowed to grow separately into the Petri dishes that contained soft soil with enough aeration.
The parasitism percentage was evaluated monthly.
Some parasitic behaviors were studied by direct observation on establishing wasps on the non-infested and infested ber fruits in experimental tubes.
In addition, the search and finding behavior of the wasps were studied in a complete randomized design with five replications, with four treatments (1. Wasps sitting on non-infested fruit, 2. Wasps just going towards non-infested fruit, 3. Wasps sitting and searching on infested fruit, and 4. Wasps just going towards infested fruit) and carried out for three years using an olfactometer system.
The observations and statistical experiments showed that, at first female wasps attracted towards fruits infested with eggs or larvae of fruit fly, by using some chemicals, which were probably released on ber fruits at the time of oviposition by fly.
The female wasp started to move for searching, found larvae and eggs on the fruits by using probable chemical materials (odor) and antennal searching, then released and established only one egg into the host body after digging a hole under fruit skin.
The parasitoid emerged from puparium of host fly after its complete development by killing the host.
The statistical data showed differences in parasitism potential of this wasp during different months of the year.
The mean percentage of parasitism in the Samal zone and Tangestan area of Bushehr province was estimated to be 24% over three years period.
Publication
Authors
N. Farrar, R. Golestaneh, H. Askari, M.H. Assareh
Keywords
Carpomyia vesuviana, fruit fly, Ziziphus, Fopius carpomyie, parasitism
Online Articles (80)