Articles
RNA silencing suppression in plant pathogens: mechanism and function in disease pathology
Article number
1436_15
Pages
121 – 128
Language
English
Abstract
RNA silencing, a gene regulation mechanism in most eukaryotes, regulates gene expression by specifically degrading or inhibiting the mRNA of target genes and plays a vital role in plant disease resistance.
This gene silencing mechanism depends on 23- 30 nt small RNAs (sRNAs), which are divided into three categories: siRNAs, miRNAs, and piRNAs.
In vivo, ribonuclease III (Dicer) cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), generating siRNAs and/or miRNAs.
However, some pathogens have evolved strategies to interfere with plant RNA silencing by secreting RNA silencing suppressors (RSS) to facilitate their successful invasion, growth, and reproduction.
Recently, some researchers have also found that the effectors encoded by phytoplasma play the role of RNA silencing suppressors.
It has been found that there is no sequence homology between different RSSs, which indicates that the mechanism of different RSSs suppressing RNA silencing may be different and act at different stages of RNA silencing.
The primary mechanism of RSS is that it binds to dsRNA or siRNAs or binds to RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to suppress one or several steps of RNA silencing, thereby interrupting the RNA silencing pathway.
Specifically, the mechanism of RSS suppressing RNA silencing can be divided into three types: to suppresses dsRNA recognition and siRNA production, thereby achieving RNA silencing suppression; the assembly of the second interference RISC completes the suppression of silencing by preventing the production of mature RISC; to hinder the expansion of silencing signals and suppress gene silencing that has been established in plants.
RNA silencing suppressors were identified in phytoplasma, suggesting that suppression of host silencing is the same strategy used by different pathogens.
The important role of RNA silencing and RNA silencing suppression in plant disease resistance, stress resistance, and development has attracted attention.
The RSS may also exist in the pathologic mechanism of Jujube Witches’ Broom disease.
This review mainly summarizes and discusses the progress of research on plant RNA silencing suppression.
This gene silencing mechanism depends on 23- 30 nt small RNAs (sRNAs), which are divided into three categories: siRNAs, miRNAs, and piRNAs.
In vivo, ribonuclease III (Dicer) cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), generating siRNAs and/or miRNAs.
However, some pathogens have evolved strategies to interfere with plant RNA silencing by secreting RNA silencing suppressors (RSS) to facilitate their successful invasion, growth, and reproduction.
Recently, some researchers have also found that the effectors encoded by phytoplasma play the role of RNA silencing suppressors.
It has been found that there is no sequence homology between different RSSs, which indicates that the mechanism of different RSSs suppressing RNA silencing may be different and act at different stages of RNA silencing.
The primary mechanism of RSS is that it binds to dsRNA or siRNAs or binds to RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to suppress one or several steps of RNA silencing, thereby interrupting the RNA silencing pathway.
Specifically, the mechanism of RSS suppressing RNA silencing can be divided into three types: to suppresses dsRNA recognition and siRNA production, thereby achieving RNA silencing suppression; the assembly of the second interference RISC completes the suppression of silencing by preventing the production of mature RISC; to hinder the expansion of silencing signals and suppress gene silencing that has been established in plants.
RNA silencing suppressors were identified in phytoplasma, suggesting that suppression of host silencing is the same strategy used by different pathogens.
The important role of RNA silencing and RNA silencing suppression in plant disease resistance, stress resistance, and development has attracted attention.
The RSS may also exist in the pathologic mechanism of Jujube Witches’ Broom disease.
This review mainly summarizes and discusses the progress of research on plant RNA silencing suppression.
Publication
Authors
Z.S. Qiao, Y.J. Huang, S.C. Guo, J.D. Li, J.C. Feng
Keywords
RNA silencing suppressor, pathogenesis, phytoplasma, virulence effector, jujube witches’ broom
Groups involved
Online Articles (22)