Articles
Applied breeding of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) at the National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
Article number
1439_59
Pages
447 – 452
Language
English
Abstract
A new Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) breeding program has been conducted at the Department of Horticultural Crop Breeding of the National Institute of Horticultural Research (InHort), in Skierniewice, Poland.
The main goal is to obtain new native cultivars of this promising species with thornless shoots and high quality, together with health-promoting ingredients in the fruit.
The traditional method of hybridization is used in the breeding program, consisting of crossing selected parental forms with complementary phenotypic and useful traits, then collecting pollinated fruits, extracting seeds, stratifying and sowing seeds for producing F1 seedlings.
Seedlings produced in glasshouse conditions are planted in the fields for evaluation and selecting the most valuable individuals.
The best individuals are propagated vegetatively into breeding clones and planted in the collection for the further evaluation and selection of the best genotypes.
Next, productive value of advanced breeding clones is assessed in field trails for 3-4 years.
Finally, the best clones are submitted for registration tests and the protection of exclusive plant rights at the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) in Poland and in the Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO), Angers, France.
The classical breeding of C. japonica is supported by biotechnological methods, mainly as verification of genetic diversity of parental forms and development of molecular markers useful for early selection (MAS) of high-quality fruit genotypes and to accelerate and increase the efficiency of this work.
In cooperation with other scientists, studies are carried out on the analysis of the fruit chemical composition of selected genotypes and breeding clones.
Additionally, the ploidy level/genome size is assessed using flow cytometry of selected genotypes; also, pollen viability of parental forms used in breeding programs and a preliminary assessment of the germination of pollen grains on the stigma are made.
A comprehensive assessment of the occurrence of diseases caused by pathogenic fungi and the threat to plants and fruits caused by insects and mites are also provided.
The main goal is to obtain new native cultivars of this promising species with thornless shoots and high quality, together with health-promoting ingredients in the fruit.
The traditional method of hybridization is used in the breeding program, consisting of crossing selected parental forms with complementary phenotypic and useful traits, then collecting pollinated fruits, extracting seeds, stratifying and sowing seeds for producing F1 seedlings.
Seedlings produced in glasshouse conditions are planted in the fields for evaluation and selecting the most valuable individuals.
The best individuals are propagated vegetatively into breeding clones and planted in the collection for the further evaluation and selection of the best genotypes.
Next, productive value of advanced breeding clones is assessed in field trails for 3-4 years.
Finally, the best clones are submitted for registration tests and the protection of exclusive plant rights at the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) in Poland and in the Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO), Angers, France.
The classical breeding of C. japonica is supported by biotechnological methods, mainly as verification of genetic diversity of parental forms and development of molecular markers useful for early selection (MAS) of high-quality fruit genotypes and to accelerate and increase the efficiency of this work.
In cooperation with other scientists, studies are carried out on the analysis of the fruit chemical composition of selected genotypes and breeding clones.
Additionally, the ploidy level/genome size is assessed using flow cytometry of selected genotypes; also, pollen viability of parental forms used in breeding programs and a preliminary assessment of the germination of pollen grains on the stigma are made.
A comprehensive assessment of the occurrence of diseases caused by pathogenic fungi and the threat to plants and fruits caused by insects and mites are also provided.
Authors
S. Pluta
Keywords
hybridization breeding and goals, molecular biology, fruit composition, ploidy, pollen viability, diseases and pests
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