Articles
Challenges and results of developing and preserving the genetic diversity of fruit crops in Ukraine
Article number
1439_7
Pages
45 – 54
Language
English
Abstract
With the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence in 1992, the National Center for Genetic Resources of Plants of Ukraine (NCPGRU) was established.
In terms of its volume and diversity of crops, the Ukrainian Gene Bank is one of the 10 largest gene banks in the world.
The collections of genetic resources include 18.590 invaluable accessions of fruit crops.
The events of the last decade (2013-2023) have dramatically affected working with plant genetic resources.
After the Russian invasion in 2014, Ukraine temporarily lost access to the richest collections of the Nikita Botanical Garden, including the Crimean Pomological Station, and the Institute of Grapes and Wine Magarach numbering 11.648 accessions.
Due to shelling and bombing, the Bakhmut Experimental Station of Nurseries Cultivation, which preserved national collections of sour cherries and rare fruit crops, was destroyed in 2022. Now the Melitopol Experimental Station of Horticulture and the Novokakhovske Experimental Farm are also located in the temporarily occupied territory.
They specialize in pome and stone fruit crops and rare fruits.
As a result of these cuts, the NCPGRU collections in the Ukrainian-controlled territory consist of 5,241 accessions of fruit crops.
In the last decade, Ukrainian breeders have developed many new fruit cultivars.
These cultivars have been included in the National Register of Plant Varieties.
These are cultivars of hazelnut (20), walnut (20), grape (17), black currant (13), sea buckthorn (12), pear (11), apple (10), gooseberry (10), persimmon (9), European cranberry bush (8), hardy kiwi (7), blueberry (6), almond (5), cinnamon rose and dog rose (5), duke and sour cherry (4), sweet cherry (4), peach (4), prune (3), Japanese quince (3), red and white currant (3), apricot (2), raspberry (2), and one each chokeberry, elder, blue honeysuckle, jujube, kiwifruit, serviceberry, Turkish hazelnut, and apple rootstock.
In terms of its volume and diversity of crops, the Ukrainian Gene Bank is one of the 10 largest gene banks in the world.
The collections of genetic resources include 18.590 invaluable accessions of fruit crops.
The events of the last decade (2013-2023) have dramatically affected working with plant genetic resources.
After the Russian invasion in 2014, Ukraine temporarily lost access to the richest collections of the Nikita Botanical Garden, including the Crimean Pomological Station, and the Institute of Grapes and Wine Magarach numbering 11.648 accessions.
Due to shelling and bombing, the Bakhmut Experimental Station of Nurseries Cultivation, which preserved national collections of sour cherries and rare fruit crops, was destroyed in 2022. Now the Melitopol Experimental Station of Horticulture and the Novokakhovske Experimental Farm are also located in the temporarily occupied territory.
They specialize in pome and stone fruit crops and rare fruits.
As a result of these cuts, the NCPGRU collections in the Ukrainian-controlled territory consist of 5,241 accessions of fruit crops.
In the last decade, Ukrainian breeders have developed many new fruit cultivars.
These cultivars have been included in the National Register of Plant Varieties.
These are cultivars of hazelnut (20), walnut (20), grape (17), black currant (13), sea buckthorn (12), pear (11), apple (10), gooseberry (10), persimmon (9), European cranberry bush (8), hardy kiwi (7), blueberry (6), almond (5), cinnamon rose and dog rose (5), duke and sour cherry (4), sweet cherry (4), peach (4), prune (3), Japanese quince (3), red and white currant (3), apricot (2), raspberry (2), and one each chokeberry, elder, blue honeysuckle, jujube, kiwifruit, serviceberry, Turkish hazelnut, and apple rootstock.
Authors
V.M. Mezhenskyj, V.K. Ryabchun, L.S. Yuryk
Keywords
NCPGRU, plant genetic resources, fruits, cultivars
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