Articles
Interspecific hybridization – an important source for sweet and sour cherry breeding
Article number
1408_15
Pages
113 – 120
Language
English
Abstract
The limited of genetic diversity in cherry cultivars has reduced the adaptability to changing growing and climatic conditions of these species.
Interspecific hybridizations have been used in many fruit breeding programs to increase the genetic diversity and to introduce new traits in fruit crops.
In sour cherry, Prunus cerasus, the first interspecific crosses with P. maackii and P. fruticosa were released by I. V. Michurin in Russia and L. Kerr in Canada in the first half of the 20th century to increase the winter hardness of sour cherries.
Various interspecific crosses and backcrosses have been carried out in the cherry breeding program at Dresden-Pillnitz during the last 20 years.
In sweet cherry, P. avium, crosses with P. canescens, P. armeniaca, and P. tomentosa have been made, and in sour cherry with P. maackii, P. padus, P. serotina, and P. spinosa. The objectives of this breeding program are obtain of genotypes with new fruit and tree characteristics and with a higher level of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
The diploid Prunus species P. canescens, the tetraploid species P. maackii, and P. serotina are promising resistance donors for cherry breeding.
For F1 progenies from crosses between sweet cherry and apricot showed a high tolerance of flowers to spring frost was observed and they had interesting fruit characteristics such as size, firmness and shelf-life in the first growing years.
The material will be characterized in further studies.
Interesting genotypes will be used for breeding process.
Interspecific hybridizations have been used in many fruit breeding programs to increase the genetic diversity and to introduce new traits in fruit crops.
In sour cherry, Prunus cerasus, the first interspecific crosses with P. maackii and P. fruticosa were released by I. V. Michurin in Russia and L. Kerr in Canada in the first half of the 20th century to increase the winter hardness of sour cherries.
Various interspecific crosses and backcrosses have been carried out in the cherry breeding program at Dresden-Pillnitz during the last 20 years.
In sweet cherry, P. avium, crosses with P. canescens, P. armeniaca, and P. tomentosa have been made, and in sour cherry with P. maackii, P. padus, P. serotina, and P. spinosa. The objectives of this breeding program are obtain of genotypes with new fruit and tree characteristics and with a higher level of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
The diploid Prunus species P. canescens, the tetraploid species P. maackii, and P. serotina are promising resistance donors for cherry breeding.
For F1 progenies from crosses between sweet cherry and apricot showed a high tolerance of flowers to spring frost was observed and they had interesting fruit characteristics such as size, firmness and shelf-life in the first growing years.
The material will be characterized in further studies.
Interesting genotypes will be used for breeding process.
Publication
Authors
M. Schuster, S. Schröpfer, H. Flachowsky
Keywords
P. avium, P. cerasus, Prunus ssp., cherry breeding, interspecific hybrids, resistance, fruit quality
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